注释（2/2）

[219] keskitalo，k，aeic ponents underlie different asures of sweet taste preference

[220] http：//hot/nutrition/sugars_public_nsultation/en/

[221] yudk，j，pure，white and deadly，reissue edn（pengu，2012）

[222] wilska，a，duodeciar caries–the ost prevalent disease of our century

[223] sheiha trends dental caries

[224] birkend，j，caries res（ar–apr 2000）；34（2）：109–16ian children and adolescents：a-specific and hort analyses

[225] asadeh，，j cl d res（2013）；55：389–94anti-resistance bacterial biofils

[226] kapil，v，free radic biol ical role for nitrate-reducg oral bacteria blood pressure ntrol

[227] fe，dh，fect ile nucleotide polyical activity that can reduce sceptibility to caries

[228] holz，c，probiotics antiicrob protes（2013）；5：259–63ctobacils paracasei dsz16671 reduces utans streptoi：a short-ter pilot study

[229] teanpaisan，r，cl oral vestig（apr 2014）；18（3）：857–62ctobacils paracasei sd1，a novel probiotic，reduces utans streptoi huan vonteers：a randoized pcebo-ntrolled trial

[230] gva，d，ll antropol（hurt on strepto utans and ctobacils sppsalivary unts children

[231] lobal burden of oral nditions 1990–2010：a systeatic analysis

[232] bernabé，e，ae，period and hort trends caries of peranent teeth four developed untries

[233] bray，ga，ahfructose rn syrup beveras ay py a role the epideic of obesity

[234] ng，sw，br j nutr（aug 2012）；108（3）：536–51patterns and trends of bevera nsureat brita，1986–2009

[235] bray，ga，ahfructose rn syrup beveras ay py a role the epideic of obesity

[236] hu，fb，physiol behav（2010）；100：47–54sugar-sweetened beveras and risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes：epideic evidence

[237] itsui，t，j sports d phys fitness（estion of fructose-ntag sports drk

[238] bergheiast fructose-duced hepatic lipid auution ice：role of endotox

[239] bray，ga，diabetes care（apr 2014）；37（4）：950–6dietary sugar and body weight：have we reached a crisis the epidear

[240] de ruyter，jc，n engl j ar-sweetened beveras and body weight children

[241] sartorelli，ds，nutr tab cardiovasc dis（feb 2009）；19（2）：77–83dietary fructose，fruits，fruit juices and gse tolerance stat japanese–brazilians

[242] van buul，vj，nutr res rev（jun 2014）；27（1）：119–30ars and their role the obesity epideic

[243] kahn，r，diabetes care（apr 2014）；37（4）：957–62dietary sugar and body weight：have we reached a crisis the epidear is overwrought and overworked

[244] the ars and body weight：systeatic review and ta-analyses of randoised ntrolled trials and hort studies

[245] sievenpiper，jl，ann tern ht ntrolled feedg trials：a systeatic review and ta-analysis

[246] kelishadi，r，nutrition（ay 2014）；30：503–10asciation of fructose nsuption and ponents of tabolic syndro huan studies：a systeatic review and ta-analysis

第十一章　碳水化合物：非糖类

[247] cesn，ut icrobiota position rretes with diet and health the elderly

[248] van tonren，s，applenvironicrobiol（2005）；71（10）：6438–42fecal icrobiota position and frailty

[249] friedric food cheenic，cardioprotective，and other health benefits of toato pounds lypene，α-toate，and toatide pure for and fresh and processed toatoes

[250] http：//dailyirl-fire-ntroversial-views-ciood-youhtl

[251] osley，，and spencer，，the fast diet（short books，2013）

[252] bao，q，e-reted diseases–froet therapy

[253] johnn，jb，d hypotheses（2006）；67：209–11the effect on health of alternate day calorie restriction：eatg less and s lifevallejo，ea，rev cl esp，63（1956）：25–7 dieta de habre a dias alternos en alintacion de los viejos

[254] nicholn，a，c sci io services and self-reported health 22 european untrieses；the early calories restriction for cancer prevention

[255] carey，hv，ar p physiol（1 jan 2013）；304（1）：r33–42 seanal restructurg of the ground sirrel gut icrobiota over the annual hibernation cycle

[256] stello，ek，isut icrobiota burse pythons

[257] zarrpar，a，cell tab（2 dec 2014）；20（6）：1006–17doi：101016/jet201411008diet and feedg pattern affect the diurnal dynaut icrobio

[258] casazza，k，n engl j d（31 jan 2013）；368（5）：446-54yths，presuptions，and facts about obesity

[259] betts，ja，a j cl nutr（4 jun 2014）；100（2）：539–47the caal role of breakfast energy bance and health：a randoized ntrolled trial lean adultsdhurandhar，ej，a j cl nutr，（4 jun 2014）；100（2）：507–13the effectiveness of breakfast reht loss：a randoized ntrolled trial

[260] de hunty，a，obes facts（2013）；6（1）：70–85does regur breakfast cereal nsuption help children and adolescents stay slir？a systeatic review and ta-analysis

[261] bro，a j cl nutr（nov 2013）；98（5）：1298–308belief beyond the evidence：g the proposed effect of breakfast on obesity to shoo practices that distort scientifc evidence

[262] desai，av， res（dec 2004）；7（6）：589–95ic fences self-reported sys：a study

[263] shelton，h，hygienic systes，volii，health research（poroy，wa，1934）

[264] stote，ks，a j cl nutr（apr 2007）；85（4）：981–8a ntrolled trial of reduced al freency without caloric restriction healthy，nored adults

[265] di rienzi，sc，elife（1 oct 2013）；2：e01102doi：107554/elife01102the huroundwater harbor non-photosynthetic bacteria belongg to a new candidate phy to cyanobacteria

[266] watanabe，f，nutrients（5 pnt food urces for vetarians

[267] brown，j，a j cl nutr（2004）；80：396–403carotenoid bioavaibility is higher froested with full-fat than with fat-reduced sad dressgs as asured with electrocheical detection

[268] nnenburg，ed，cell our icrobial self：the deleterio nseences of a diet defcient icrobiota-aessible carbohydrates

[269] wertz，ae，gnition（jan 2014）；130（1）：44–9tyies that protect theers posed by pnts

[270] knaapi，a，physiol behav（15 aug 2007）；91（5）：573–8food neophobia shows heritable variation huans

第十二章　纤维素

[271] andern，jc，aastroenterol（oct 2014）；109（10）：1650–2editorial：nstipation and lorectal cancer risk：a ntug nundru

[272] treapleton，de，bj（19 dec 2013）；347：f6879dietary fibre take and risk of cardiovascur disease：systeatic review and ta-analysis

[273] ki，y，a j epideiol（15 sep 2014）；180（6）：565–73dietary fiber take and total ortality：a ta-analysis of prospective hort studies

[274] ties，f，br j nutr（oct 2014）；112 suppl 2：s19–30oats and cvd risk arkers：a systeatic literature review

[275] ilova，s，benef icrobes（sep 2014）；5（3）：273–83benefcial effects of huut icrobiota

[276] ukhanova，，br j nutr（28 jun 2014）；111（12）：2146–52effects of alut icrobiota position a rando study

[277] dunn，s，eur j cl nutr（ar 2011）；65（3）：402–8validation of a food freency estionnaire to ofructose

[278] h，aj，j nutr（1999）；129：1407s–11spresence of ul and oligofructose the diets of aricans

[279] van loo，j，crit rev food sci nutr（nov 1995）；35（6）：525–52on the presence of ul and oligofructose as natural gredients the western diet

[280] teucher，b， res hue（oct 2007）；10（5）：734–48dietary patterns and heritability of food choice a uk feale hort

[281] williaarlic and hip osteoarthritis：evidence of a protective effect and putative chanis of action

[282] lissiarlic for the p，advances therapy（2001）；18（4）：189–93preventg the arlic supplent：a double-bld，pcebo-ntrolled survey

[283] zeng，t，j sci food agric（2012）；92（9）：1892–1902a ta-analysis of randoized，double-bld，pcebo-ntrolled trials for the effects of garlic on seru lipid profile

[284] o’brien，cl，plos one（1 ay 2013）；8（5）：e62815ipact of lonospy bowel preparation on testal icrobiota

[285] kellow，nj，br j nutr（14 apr 2014）；111（7）：1147–61tabolic benefits of dietary prebiotics huan subjects：a systeatic review of randoised ntrolled trials

[286] dewulf，eht to the prebiotic ncept：lesns fro an exploratory，double-bld tervention study with ul-type fructans obese won

[287] sazar，n，cl nutr（11 jun 2014）；pii：s0261-5614（14）00159-9doi：101016/jclnu201406001ul-type fructans odute testal bifdobacteria species poputions and decrease fecal short-cha fatty acids obese won

[288] http：//jigsawhealth/supplents/butyrex

[289] davis，heat belly（rodale，2011）

[290] ten-free diet on gastrotestal syptos celiac disease

[291] perry，gh，nature ics（2007）；39：1256–60diet and the evotion of huene py nuber variation

[292] falchi，eics（ay 2014）；46（5）：492–7low py nuene predisposes to obesity

[293] staudacher，hastroenterol hepatol（apr 2014）；11（4）：256–66chaniss and efficacy of dietary fodap restriction ibs

第十三章　人工甜味剂和防腐剂

[294] di salle，f，gastroenterology（sep 2013）；145（3）：537–9effect of carbonation on bra processg of sweet stiuli huans

[295] de ruyter，jc，n engl j ar-sweetened beveras and body weight children

[296] de ruyter，jc，plos one（22 oct 2013）；8（10）：e78039the effect of sugar-free vers sugar-sweetened beveras on satiety，likg and wantg：an 18-onth randoized double-bld trial children

[297] tleton，ja，diabetes care（2009）；32（4）：688–94diet da take and risk of cident tabolic syndro and type 2 diabetes the ultiethnic study of atherosclerosis（sa）

[298] tsey，pl，circution（12 feb 2008）；117（6）：754–61dietary take and the developnt of the tabolic syndro：the atherosclerosis risk unities study

[299] hill，se，appetite（13 aug 2014）；pii：s0195-6663（14）00400-0the effect of non-caloric sweeteners on gnition，choice，and post-nsuption satisfaction

[300] bor，fj，appetite（2007）；49（3）：535–53glycaeht regution

[301] schiffan，ss，j toxil environ health b crit rev（2013）；16（7）：399–451sucralose，a synthetic anochlore sweetener：overview of biological issues

[302] green，e，physiol behav（5 nov 2012）；107（4）：560–7altered processg of sweet taste the bra of diet da drkers

[303] pepo，lycese load

[304] abou-donia，b，j toxil environ health a（2008）；71（21）：1415–29splenda alters gut lyprote and cytochro p-450 ale rats

[305] wu，gd，science（7 oct 2011）；334（6052）：105–8lkg long-terut icrobial enterotypes

[306] gostner，j，curr pharutory ipact of food antioxidants

第十四章　可可和咖啡因

[307] sh，sy，nat （jun 2014）；46（6）：543–50an ats of ic fences on huan blood tabolites

[308] ut shift neuroscience

[309] el，s，ann rev nutr（2013）；33：105–28a and huan health

[310] stafford，ld，cheher preference and sensitivity to odor of chotes

[311] el，s，ann rev nutr（2013）；33：105–28a and huan health

[312] golob，ba，arch tern d（26 ar 2012）；172（6）：519–21asciation beeen ore freent chote nsuption and lower body ass dex

[313] khan，n，nutrients（21 feb 2014）；6（2）：844–80doi：103390/nu6020844a polyphenols and fatory arkers of cardiovascur disease

[314] jenngs，a，j nutr（feb 2014）；144（2）：202–8takes of anthocyans and fvones are asciated with bioarkers of sul resistance and fation won

[315] tzounis，x，a j cl nutr（jan 2011）；93（1）：62–72prebiotic evaation of a-derived fvanols healthy hu a randoized，ntrolled，double-bld，crosver tervention study

[316] http：//avia/how-do-i-e-it/gredients-nutritional-ration

[317] art，fp，j proteo res（7 dec 2012）；11（12）：6252–63specific dietary preferences are lked to differg gut icrobial tabolic activity response to dark chote take

[318] esser，d，faseb j（ar 2014）；28（3）：1464–73dark chote nsuption iproves leukocyte adhesion factors and vascur function overweight n

[319] o，s，j proteout icrobio odution by polyphenol-rich foods

[320] nr，s，j agric food che 2011）；59（15）：8435–41fvanols and thylxanthes rcially avaible dark chote：a study of the rretion with non-fat a lids

[321] zhang，c，eur j epideiol（30 oct 2014）；tea nsuption and risk of cardiovascur outes and total ortality：a systeatic review and ta-analysis of prospective observational studies

[322] dwig，ia，food funct（aug 2014）；5（8）：1718–26variations caffee and chloronic acid ntents of ffees：what are we drkg？

[323] crippa，a，a 2014）；pii：kwu194ffee nsuption and ortality fro all caes，cardiovascur disease，and cancer：a dose-response ta-analysis

[324] denoeud，f，science（2014）；345：1181–4the ffee noent evotion of caffee biosynthesis

[325] http：//dailyailuk/health/article-3027/how-healthy-cup-ffeehtl

[326] teucher，b， res hue（oct 2007）；10（5）：734–48dietary patterns and heritability of food choice a uk feale hort

[327] aenoests asciation with cyp1a1/cyp1a2 and nrca

[328] elho，c，j agric food che 2014）；62（31）：7843–53nature of phenolic pounds ffee noids

[329] gniechwitz，d，j agric food che 2007）；55（17）：6989–96dietary fiber froradation by huan fecal icrobiota

[330] vn，ja，diabetes tab syndr obes（2012）；5：21–7randoized，double-bld，pcebo-ntrolled，lear dose，crosver study to evaate the efficacy and safety of a green ffee bean extract overweight subjects

第十五章　酒精饮料

[331] reh，j，ncet（26 apr 2014）；383（9927）：1440–2rsia：lesns for alhol epidey and alhol policy

[332] spector，t，identically different（weidenfeld&niln，2012）

[333] peng，y，b47his polyorphis east asian poputions and expansion of rice dostication history

[334] crii，h，ncet（1994）；344；1719-23does diet or alhol exp the french paradox？

[335] di castelnuovo，a，arch tern and total ortality n and won：an updated ta-analysis of 34 prospective studies

[336] chaw，r，bht exp the french paradox

[337] spitaels，f，plos one（18 apr 2014）；9（4）：e95384the icrobial diversity of traditional spontaneoly fernted bic beer

[338] vang，o，ann ny acad sci（jul 2013）；1290：1–11what is new for resveratrol？is a new set of rendations necessary？

[339] tang，pc，phar 2014）；pii：s1043-6618（14）00138-8resveratrol and cardiovascur health–pro therapeutic or hopeless ilsion？

[340] wu，gd，science（7 oct 2011）；334（6052）：105–8lkg long-terut icrobial enterotypes

[341] eipo-ortu&241;o，i，a j cl nutr（jun 2012）；95（6）：1323–34fence of red e polyphenols and ethanol on the gut y and biocheical bioarkers

[342] chiva-bnch，g，alhol（ay–jun 2013）；48（3）：270–7effects of e，alhol and polyphenols on cardiovascur disease risk factors：evidence fro huan studies

[343] ba，s，plos one（14 creases seru endotox and bacterial dna levels healthy dividuals

[344] blednov，ya，bra behav iun（jun 2011）；25 suppl 1：s92–s105activation of fed crease of vontary alhol take ice

[345] knott，cs，be-specif c nsuuideles

[346] ferrari，p，eur j cl nutr（dec 2012）；66（12）：1303–8alhol dehydronase and aldehyde dehydronase ne polyorphiss，alhol take and the risk of lorectal cancer the epic study

[347] hol4164asciation beeen alhol and cardiovascur disease：ndelian randoisation analysis based on dividual participant data

第十六章　维生素

[348] goto，y，iens presented by testal dendritic cells drive usal t 17 cell differentiation

[349] ril j d（20 ay 1993）；328（20）：1450–6vita e nsuption and the risk of ronary heart disease n

[350] lippan，s，jaa（2009）；301（1）：39–51effect of seleniu and vita e on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers

[351] gualr，e，ann tern oney on vita and eral supplents

[352] bjekovic，g，chrane database syst rev（14 ar 2012）；3：cd007176antioxidant supplents for prevention of ortality healthy participants and patients with vario diseases

[353] risk and prevention study lborative group，n engl j d（9 ay 2013）；368（19）：1800–8n-3fatty acids patients with ultiple cardiovascur risk factors

[354] q，x，t j cancer（1 sep 2013）；133（5）：1033–41folic acid supplentation and cancer risk：a ta-analysis of randoized ntrolled trials

[355] burd，gc，br j nutr（14 dec 2012）；108（11）：1924–30folic acid supplenancy：are there devils the detail？

[356] q，x，cl nutr（aug 2014）；33（4）：603–12folic acid supplentation with and without vita b6 and revascurization risk：a ta-analysis of randoized ntrolled trials

[357] ynel scand（jan 2015）；94（1）：65–71folic acid suppleene variations retion to vitro fertilization pregnancy oute

[358] huang，y，t j h folic acid supplese tolerance and sul resistance h-fat diet

[359] crke，jd，pharal res（nov 2011）；64（5）：456-63bioavaibility and ter-nversion of sulforaphane and eruc hu brooli sprouts or brooli supplen

[360] bolnd，j，j bone er res（11 sep 2014）；doi：101002/jbr2357calciu supplents crease risk of yocardial farction

[361] oyer，va，ann tern d（2013）；158（9）：691–6vita d and calciu supplentation to prevent fractures adults：uspreventive services task force rendation statent

[362] chang，y，t j epideiol（jun 2009）；38（3）：814–30sun exposure and noa risk at diff erent titudes：a pooled analysis of 5700 cases and 7216 ntrols

[363] bataille，v，d hypotheses（nov 2013）；81（5）：846–50noenesis，body weight and lonvity？

[364] gandi，s，plos one（2013）；8（11）：e78820sunny holidays before and after nosis are respectively asciated with lower breslow thickness and lower repse rates italy

[365] hunter，d，j bone er res（nov 2000）；15（11）：2276–83a randoized ntrolled trial of vita post identical pairs

[366] sch&246;ttker，b，b3656vita d and ortality：e nrtiu of hort studies fro europe and the united states

[367] bjekovic，g，chrane database syst rev（10 jan 2014）；1：cd007470vita d supplentation for prevention of ortality

[368] bjekovic，g，chrane database syst rev（23 jun 2014）；6：cd007469doi：101002/14651858cd007469pub2vita d supplentation for prevention of cancer adults

[369] afzal，s，beically low vita d ncentrations and creased e horts

[370] a-reted eye disease study 2 research group，jaa-3 fatty acids for a-reted e-reted eye disease study 2（areds2）randoized clical trial

[371] degnan，ph，cell ut y

第十七章　当心：可能含有抗生素

[372] shapiro，dj，j anti for adults abutory care the a，2007–09

[373] hicks，l，n engl j ，2010

[374] garrido，d，y（apr 2013）；159（pt 4）：649–64nsuates by fant-asciated bifidobacteria：chaniss and iplications

[375] baaqeel，h，bjog（ of adistration of prophyctic antibiotics for caesarean section：a systeatic review and ta-analysis

[376] kozhiannil，kb，plos noses and hospital variation the risk of cesarean delivery：analyses of a national hospital dischar database

[377] kozhiannil，kb，health aff（illwood）（ar 2013）；32（3）：527–35cesarean delivery rates vary tenfold a variation ay address ality and st issues

[378] zhang，j，obstet gynel（2008）；111：1077–82cesarean delivery on aternal reest utheast cha

[379] douez-bello，，proc natl acad sci a（29 jun 2010）；107（26）：11971–5delivery ode shapes the acisition and structure of the itial icrobiota across ultiple body habitats newborns

[380] gr&246;nnd，astroenterol nutr（1999）；28：19–25fecal icroflora healthy fants born by different es testal flora after cesarean delivery

[381] cho，ce，aynel（apr 2013）；208（4）：249–54cesarean section and develop

[382] tavagnanay（apr 2008）；38（4）：629–33a ta-analysis of the asciation beeen caesarean section and childhood astha

[383] gough，ek，browth children low and iddle e untries：systeatic review and ta-analysis of randoised ntrolled trials

[384] bser， icrobes（henry holt，2014）

[385] http：//cdcgov/obesity/data/adulthtl

[386] trasande，l，t j obes（jan 2013）；37（1）：16–23fant antibiotic exposures and early-life body ass

[387] ajslev，ta，t j obes（2011）；35：522–9childhood overweight after establishnancy weight and early adistration of antibiotics

[388] bailey，lc，jaa pediatr（29 sep 2014）；doi：101001/jaapediatricsasciation of antibiotics fancy with early childhood obesity

[389] bser，，nat rev icrobiol（hts and future challens

[390] darasseene，k，plos one（2014）；9（2）：e87896doi：101371ht and obesity adult life：a systeatic review and ta-analysis

[391] http：//ired/wiredscience/2010/12/news-update-faret-80-of-antibiotics-ld--/

[392] visek，wj，j anirowth prootion by antibiotics

[393] poln，，the onivore’s dilea（bloosbury，2007）

[394] http：//dutchnewsnl/news/archives/2014/06/illegal_antibiotics_found_on_f/

[395] burrid，l，aaculture（2010）；elsevier bv 306（1–4）：7–23 cheical e salon aaculture：a review of current practices and possible environntal effects

[396] karthikeyan，kg，sci total environ（15 ay 2006）；361（1–3）ourrence of antibiotics ater treatnt facilities wisns，a

[397] jiang，l，sci total environ（1 aug 2013）；458–460：267–72doiprevalence of antibiotic resistance nes and their retionship with antibiotics the huangpu river and the drkg water urces，shanghai，cha

[398] huerta，b，sci total environ（1 jul 2013）；456–7：161–70explorg the lks beeen antibiotic ourrence，antibiotic resistance，and bacterial unities water supply reservoirs

[399] falne-dias，f，water res（jul 2012）；46（11）：3612–22bottled eral water as a potential urce of antibiotic-resistant bacteria

[400] bser， icrobes（henry holt，2014）

[401] ndr，ested huan blood affect the osito icrobiota and capacity to transit aria

[402] goldenberg，jz，chrane database syst rev（31 ay 2013）；5：cd006095probiotics for the prevention of clostridiu difcileasciated diarrhea adults and children

[403] http：//britishgut and http：//a

第十八章　当心：可能含有坚果

[404] http：//dailyirl-went-anaphyctic-shock-pne-passenr-ignored-three-warngs-not-eat-nutsboardhtl

[405] vn，ja，food funct（feb 2012）；3（2）：134–40nuts，especially walnuts，have both anti-oxidant antity and efficacy and exhibit significant potential health benefits

[406] bes-rastrollo，，a j cl nutr（2009）；89：1913–19prospective study of nut nsue，and obesity risk won

[407] estruch，r，n engl j d（4 apr 2013）；368（14）：1279–90

[408] schloss，o，arch paed（1912）；29：219a case of food allergy

[409] golbert，tic reactions to sted antins

[410] west，ce，curr op cl nutr ic disease：new fdgs

[411] du toit，g，j allergy cl iunol（nov 2008）；122（5）：984–91early nsuption of peanuts fancy is asciated with a low prevalence of peanut allergy

[412] storr&248;，o，curr op allergy cl iunol（jun 2013）；13（3）：257–62diversity of testal ic disease childhood

[413] isy iut icrobial diversity early life is asciated with ter developnt of eczea

[414] y iunol（jun 2013）；24（4）：311–20e8is there an asciation beeen y？a systeatic review

[415] hessel practices and risk of allergy developnt

[416] strachan，dp，biene，and hoehold size

[417] holbreich，y cl i northern diana have a very low prevalence of allergic sensitization

[418] zupancic，ut icrobiota the old order aish and its retion to the tabolic syndro

[419] roederer，eic architecture of the huan iune syste

[420] schaub，b，j allergy cl iutory cells rd blood of aic others

[421] sith，p，science（2013）；341；6145：569–73the ute lonic treg cell hoostasis

[422] hansen，ch，gut boratory ut icrobiota and host iunity an early‘ of opportunity’

[423] wells，ad，t i exposure on the developnt of astha and astha-like syptos

[424] heritz，sn，nutr res rev（dec 2013）；26（2）：191–209e of pigs as a potential ut icrobiota

[425] ng，sj，elife（16 apr 2013）；2：e00458habitg faily s

第十九章　保质期

[426] gorley，f，j epideiol fect（ay 2011）；139（5）：688–99a 17-year review of food-borne outbreaks：describg the ntug decle engnd and wales（1992–2008）

[427] lyon，rc，j phar products extended beyond belled expiration dates

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